Continuous Integration and Pipelines In this lab you will learn about pipelines and how to configure a pipeline in OpenShift so that it will take care of the application lifecycle. A continuous delivery (CD) pipeline is an automated expression of your process for getting software from version control right through to your users and customers. Every change to your software (committed in source control) goes through a complex process on its way to being released. This process involves building the software in a reliable and repeatable manner, as well as progressing the built software (called a "build") through multiple stages of testing and deployment. OpenShift Pipelines is a cloud-native, continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) solution for building pipelines using Tekton. Tekton is a flexible, Kubernetes-native, open-source CI/CD framework that enables automating deployments across multiple platforms (Kubernetes, serverless, VMs, etc) by abstracting away the underlying details. Understanding Tekton Tekton defines a number of Kubernetes custom resources as building blocks in order to standardize pipeline concepts and provide a terminology that is consistent across CI/CD solutions. The custom resources needed to define a pipeline are listed below: Task: a reusable, loosely coupled number of steps that perform a specific task (e.g. building a container image) Pipeline: the definition of the pipeline and the Tasks that it should perform TaskRun: the execution and result of running an instance of task PipelineRun: the execution and result of running an instance of pipeline, which includes a number of TaskRuns In short, in order to create a pipeline, one does the following: Create custom or install existing reusable Tasks Create a Pipeline and PipelineResources to define your application’s delivery pipeline Create a PersistentVolumeClaim to provide the volume/filesystem for pipeline execution or provide a VolumeClaimTemplate which creates a PersistentVolumeClaim Create a PipelineRun to instantiate and invoke the pipeline For further details on pipeline concepts, refer to the Tekton documentation that provides an excellent guide for understanding various parameters and attributes available for defining pipelines. Create Your Pipeline Ensure you met all Prerequisites before proceeding. OpenShift Pipelines installed in your cluster and a GitHub account are required. As pipelines provide the ability to promote applications between different stages of the delivery cycle, Tekton, which is our Continuous Integration server that will execute our pipelines, will be deployed on a project with a Continuous Integration role. Pipelines executed in this project will have permissions to interact with all the projects modeling the different stages of our delivery cycle. For this example, we’re going to deploy our pipeline which is stored in the same GitHub repository where we have our code. In a more real scenario, and in order to honor infrastructure as code principles, we would store all the pipeline definitions along with every OpenShift resources definitions we would use. Let’s create now a Tekton pipeline for Nationalparks backend, select your OpenShift cluster type from below table: ROKS Others oc create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift-roadshow/nationalparks/master/pipeline/nationalparks-pipeline-all-vfs-new.yaml -n workshop oc create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift-roadshow/nationalparks/master/pipeline/nationalparks-pipeline-all-new.yaml -n workshop Verify the Tasks you created: oc get tasks -n workshop You should see something similar: NAME AGE redeploy 13s s2i-java-11-binary 13s Verify the Pipeline you created: oc get pipelines -n workshop You should see something like this: NAME AGE nationalparks-pipeline 8s Now let’s review our Tekton Pipeline: --- apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1 kind: Pipeline metadata: name: nationalparks-pipeline spec: params: - default: nationalparks description: The application name name: APP_NAME type: string - default: 'https://github.com/openshift-roadshow/nationalparks.git' description: The application git repository url name: APP_GIT_URL type: string - default: master description: The application git repository revision name: APP_GIT_REVISION type: string tasks: - name: git-clone params: - name: url value: $(params.APP_GIT_URL) - name: revision value: $(params.APP_GIT_REVISION) - name: submodules value: 'true' - name: depth value: '1' - name: sslVerify value: 'true' - name: deleteExisting value: 'true' taskRef: kind: ClusterTask name: git-clone workspaces: - name: output workspace: app-source - name: build-and-test params: - name: GOALS value: - package - name: PROXY_PROTOCOL value: http runAfter: - git-clone taskRef: kind: ClusterTask name: maven workspaces: - name: source workspace: app-source - name: maven-settings workspace: maven-settings - name: build-image params: - name: PATH_CONTEXT value: . - name: TLSVERIFY value: 'false' - name: OUTPUT_IMAGE_STREAM value: '$(params.APP_NAME):latest' runAfter: - build-and-test taskRef: kind: Task name: s2i-java-11-binary workspaces: - name: source workspace: app-source - name: redeploy params: - name: DEPLOYMENT value: $(params.APP_NAME) runAfter: - build-image taskRef: kind: Task name: redeploy workspaces: - name: app-source - name: maven-settings A Pipeline is a user-defined model of a CD pipeline. A Pipeline’s code defines your entire build process, which typically includes stages for building an application, testing it and then delivering it. A Task and a ClusterTask contain some step to be executed. ClusterTasks are available to all user within a cluster where OpenShift Pipelines has been installed, while Tasks can be custom. This pipeline has 4 Tasks defined: git clone: this is a ClusterTask that will clone our source repository for nationalparks and store it to a Workspace app-source which will use the PVC created for it app-source-workspace build-and-test: will build and test our Java application using maven ClusterTask build-image: will build an image using a binary file as input in OpenShift. The build will use the .jar file that was created and a custom Task for it s2i-java11-binary redeploy: it will deploy the created image on OpenShift using the Deployment named nationalparks we created in the previous lab, using the custom Task redeploy From left-side menu, click on Pipeline, then click on nationalparks-pipeline to see the pipeline you just created. The Pipeline is parametric, with default value on the one we need to use. It is using two Workspace: app-source: linked to a PersistentVolumeClaim app-source-pvc created from the YAML template we used in previous command. This will be used to store the artifact to be used in different Task maven-settings: an EmptyDir volume for the maven cache, this can be extended also with a PVC to make subsequent Maven builds faster Run the Pipeline We can start now the Pipeline from the Web Console. Within Developer Perspective go to left-side menu, click on Pipeline, then click on nationalparks-pipeline. From top-right Actions list, click on Start. You will be prompted with parameters to add the Pipeline, showing default ones. In APP_GIT_URL, verify the nationalparks repository from GitHub: https://github.com/openshift-roadshow/nationalparks.git In Workspaces→ app-source select PVC from the list, then select app-source-pvc. This is the share volume used by Pipeline Tasks in your Pipeline containing the source code and compiled artifacts. Click on Start to run your Pipeline. You can follow the Pipeline execution at ease from Web Console. Open Developer Perspective and go to left-side menu, click on Pipeline, then click on nationalparks-pipeline. Switch to Pipeline Runs tab to watch all the steps in progress: The click on the PipelineRun national-parks-deploy-run-: Then click on the Task running to check logs: Verify PipelineRun has been completed with success: Application Healthchecks Automation with Pipelines